ANS: Atom is made up of three basic particles and nucleus. The three sub-atomic particles are proton, electron, neutron. The protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom. These two particles that make up the nucleus are known as nucleons. The protons and neutrons make up the dense core of the atom. Whereas the electrons move around the nucleus in definite energy levels, otherwise known as electron shells.
2. Draw the atomic structure of a sodium atom and a sodium ion
There are 11 electrons in Sodium Atom. The electronic configuration is 2.8.1 .
There is 1 valence electron. The atom has to lose 1 valence electron to form ion with a charge of +1. Therefore the electronic configuration is 2.8.
3. Draw the atomic structure of a sulfur atom and a sulfide ion.
There are 16 electrons in the Sulfide Atom. The electronic configuration is 2.8.6. There are 6 valence electrons. Therefore the atom must gain 2 more electrons to achieve a noble gas configuration of 2.8.8.
4. Chlorine-35 atom and Chlorine-37 atom are called isotopes...Use these two examples to explain what is 'isotopes'.
Isotopes are atoms of same element having the same number of protons but different number of protons. For example Chlorine-35 atom
and Chlorine-37 atom
have the same number of protons but their number of nuetrons are different. All isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons for bonding.
5. Sodium is a metal and sulfur is a non-metal....why we classify them this way?
Sulfur is a non-metal as it does not conduct electricity and it has to gain 2 electrons to change it t a noble configuration of 2.8.8. While Sodium is metal as it conducts electricity and needs to lose 1 electron to change it to a noble configuration of 2.8.
